Climate in South Russia

The number of hours of sunshine refers to the time when the sun is actually visible. That is, without any obstruction of visibility by clouds, fog or mountains. With 11 hours per day, July is the sunniest month in federal district South Russia. In December, the sun shines the least.

A rain day is a day on which at least 0.1 mm precipitation (=0.1 liter) per square meter falls. This can be rain, snow, hail or even dew. So it does not have to rain the whole day. With 9 rain days, January offers the most rain days, while August has the fewest.

The amount of precipitation is measured in millimeters per square meter. Thus, at two mm/day, two liters of water fall on one square meter within 24 hours. With only 1.0 mm, the least amount of rain falls in August. June, on the other hand, has the most rain.

Water temperature depends not only on solar radiation within the same region, but also on ocean currents. For example, depending on the season, cold or warm water masses are moved from other areas. The warmest water temperatures in South Russia are in July, when the water is 25 °C.

Warm air can absorb more moisture than cold air. The relative humidity indicates how much moisture can be physically contained in the air. At high humidity, a person feels uncomfortable and perceives this as oppressive. In general, a relative humidity of 40-60% feels pleasant. With humidity averaging 86%, January is the most uncomfortable. In June, on the other hand, it is easier to endure.

In warm months, there is also a higher absolute humidity almost everywhere. At a temperature of 25°C, air can absorb up to 23 grams of water per cubic meter. At 20°C, it is only 17.3 grams. A relative humidity of 40% at 25°C thus corresponds to an absolute humidity of 9.2 grams of water. From a proportion of approx. 13.5 grams, humans perceive the air as muggy. This limit is only reached in a few months in South Russia, although these are always average values.