
Gross debt in Estonia
The government gross debt refers to the total of all sums of money that have to be paid to other countries, communities or institutions. Not included in the gross debt are the demands of a country to foreign ones.The gross debt in Estonia in the period from 1998 to 2021 was between 291.5 million and 6.5 billion USD. The highest level of the last years at seven billion US Dollar was reached in 2021. The budget deficit in the same year was 853.2 million USD.
Based on the number of inhabitants, this is a debt of 4,918 USD per person. For comparison, the average debt per person in the same year in the European Union was 33,695 USD.
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Gross debt of the last 23 years in billion USD
Year | Estonia total | Estonia per capita | EU per capita |
---|---|---|---|
1998 | 0.31 bn USD | 222 USD | 14,079 USD |
1999 | 0.34 bn USD | 246 USD | 14,032 USD |
2000 | 0.29 bn USD | 209 USD | 11,232 USD |
2001 | 0.30 bn USD | 215 USD | 11,255 USD |
2002 | 0.42 bn USD | 304 USD | 12,258 USD |
2003 | 0.55 bn USD | 404 USD | 15,286 USD |
2004 | 0.62 bn USD | 456 USD | 17,595 USD |
2005 | 0.66 bn USD | 490 USD | 18,327 USD |
2006 | 0.79 bn USD | 586 USD | 18,877 USD |
2007 | 0.85 bn USD | 631 USD | 20,898 USD |
2008 | 1.10 bn USD | 824 USD | 24,086 USD |
2009 | 1.43 bn USD | 1,069 USD | 25,361 USD |
2010 | 1.30 bn USD | 978 USD | 26,496 USD |
2011 | 1.43 bn USD | 1,077 USD | 29,231 USD |
2012 | 2.26 bn USD | 1,712 USD | 28,174 USD |
2013 | 2.57 bn USD | 1,949 USD | 29,981 USD |
2014 | 2.83 bn USD | 2,153 USD | 30,648 USD |
2015 | 2.30 bn USD | 1,752 USD | 25,918 USD |
2016 | 2.41 bn USD | 1,829 USD | 26,261 USD |
2017 | 2.46 bn USD | 1,864 USD | 27,024 USD |
2018 | 2.51 bn USD | 1,901 USD | 28,448 USD |
2019 | 2.66 bn USD | 2,002 USD | 27,168 USD |
2020 | 5.82 bn USD | 4,379 USD | 30,783 USD |
2021 | 6.55 bn USD | 4,918 USD | 33,695 USD |
Comparison of gross debt per capita with the European Union in U.S. dollars
Budget deficit in Estonia

The budget balance in Estonia in the period between 1998 and 2021 varied between -1.72 billion euros and +604.94 million euros. In 2021, Estonia reached a balance of -853 million euros.
In ratio to population, this equals a new indebtedness of 641 euros per capita in Estonia in 2021. For comparison, the average debt per capita in the European Union in the same year was 1,787 euros.
Budget deficit and surplus in the last 23 years
Year | Estonia total | Estonia per capita | EU per capita |
---|---|---|---|
1998 | -38.24 M USD | -28 USD | -398 USD |
1999 | -197.71 M USD | -142 USD | -204 USD |
2000 | -13.02 M USD | -9 USD | 112 USD |
2001 | -3.94 M USD | -3 USD | -299 USD |
2002 | 19.86 M USD | 14 USD | -565 USD |
2003 | 164.93 M USD | 120 USD | -840 USD |
2004 | 288.46 M USD | 212 USD | -920 USD |
2005 | 157.38 M USD | 116 USD | -822 USD |
2006 | 493.45 M USD | 366 USD | -568 USD |
2007 | 604.94 M USD | 451 USD | -360 USD |
2008 | -647.15 M USD | -484 USD | -1,085 USD |
2009 | -431.69 M USD | -323 USD | -2,021 USD |
2010 | 37.12 M USD | 28 USD | -1,970 USD |
2011 | 251.95 M USD | 190 USD | -1,462 USD |
2012 | -66.17 M USD | -50 USD | -1,220 USD |
2013 | 45.42 M USD | 34 USD | -1,027 USD |
2014 | 188.51 M USD | 143 USD | -852 USD |
2015 | 25.96 M USD | 20 USD | -577 USD |
2016 | -99.18 M USD | -75 USD | -423 USD |
2017 | -128.00 M USD | -97 USD | -263 USD |
2018 | -169.47 M USD | -128 USD | -139 USD |
2019 | 37.84 M USD | 29 USD | -197 USD |
2020 | -1,715.36 M USD | -1,290 USD | -2,312 USD |
2021 | -853.20 M USD | -641 USD | -1,787 USD |
(negative numbers = deficit)