
Heavily Indebted Poor Country (HIPC)
The heavily indebted developing countries (also named "poor" countries) are a subgroup of the developing countries defined by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The aim of this classification in 1999 was a debt relief proposed by Germany and proposed by the G8 countries. The initiator at the time was Germany.Of the current 36 countries, most are in Africa. A total of about 760.19 m people live in affected countries, which corresponds to 9.8% of the world's population.

Country | Population | GNI per capita | Human Development Index | Debts |
---|---|---|---|---|
Afghanistan | 38.9 M | 500 USD | 0.511 | 15.0% |
Benin | 12.1 M | 1,280 USD | 0.545 | 33.9% |
Bolivia | 11.7 M | 3,180 USD | 0.718 | 42.7% |
Burkina Faso | 20.9 M | 770 USD | 0.452 | 27.0% |
Burundi | 11.9 M | 230 USD | 0.433 | 21.9% |
Cameroon | 26.5 M | 1,520 USD | 0.563 | 34.7% |
Central African Republic | 4.8 M | 500 USD | 0.397 | 38.1% |
Chad | 16.4 M | 630 USD | 0.398 | 36.7% |
Comoros | 0.9 M | 1,400 USD | 0.554 | 24.5% |
Democratic Republic of the Congo | 89.6 M | 550 USD | 0.480 | 12.9% |
Ethiopia | 115.0 M | 890 USD | 0.485 | 28.4% |
Gambia | 2.4 M | 750 USD | 0.496 | 42.2% |
Ghana | 31.1 M | 2,340 USD | 0.611 | 44.3% |
Guinea | 13.1 M | 1,020 USD | 0.477 | 29.1% |
Guinea-Bissau | 2.0 M | 760 USD | 0.480 | 55.3% |
Guyana | 0.8 M | 7,130 USD | 0.682 | 32.7% |
Haiti | 11.4 M | 1,320 USD | 0.510 | 15.9% |
Honduras | 9.9 M | 2,180 USD | 0.634 | 50.0% |
Ivory Coast | 26.4 M | 2,280 USD | 0.538 | 42.2% |
Liberia | 5.1 M | 570 USD | 0.480 | 52.1% |
Madagascar | 27.7 M | 470 USD | 0.528 | 38.5% |
Malawi | 19.1 M | 580 USD | 0.483 | 24.8% |
Mali | 20.3 M | 830 USD | 0.434 | 36.3% |
Mauritania | 4.6 M | 1,670 USD | 0.546 | 73.1% |
Mozambique | 31.3 M | 460 USD | 0.456 | 154.4% |
Nicaragua | 6.6 M | 1,850 USD | 0.660 | 98.3% |
Niger | 24.2 M | 550 USD | 0.394 | 34.9% |
Republic of the Congo | 5.5 M | 1,770 USD | 0.574 | 61.1% |
Rwanda | 13.0 M | 780 USD | 0.543 | 81.1% |
Sao Tome and Principe | 0.2 M | 2,060 USD | 0.625 | 61.9% |
Senegal | 16.7 M | 1,430 USD | 0.512 | 71.7% |
Sierra Leone | 8.0 M | 510 USD | 0.452 | 53.0% |
Tanzania | 59.7 M | 1,080 USD | 0.529 | 41.3% |
Togo | 8.3 M | 920 USD | 0.515 | 33.5% |
Uganda | 45.7 M | 800 USD | 0.544 | 46.5% |
Zambia | 18.4 M | 1,160 USD | 0.584 | 170.7% |
Criteria for admission
Before being included in the debt relief initiative, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund lay down strict criteria. The aim is to cancel debts only of those states that are already heavily indebted and are in all likelihood unable to pay these liabilities on their own. On the other hand, these states should also have the ability to grow out of poverty after a waiver. A state must therefore not only be particularly poor, but must also fulfil certain conditions at the political level.These conditions are usually determined and monitored over several years in a three-stage process. Eritrea, Somalia and Sudan, for example, have been on the list for some time now of countries which, after all, fulfil the conditions of poverty. None of these 3 countries has so far been able to convincingly demonstrate or even show that the government is also capable of fighting poverty. To achieve this, it is also necessary to implement effective reforms in advance and to demonstrate success.
Doubts about sustainability
The aim of the initiative is to reduce poverty in the affected countries and to enable governments to stand on their own two feet through debt relief. The reform programmes controlled by the Community are designed to achieve effective action. An already economically weakened country may also use this debt relief to borrow money again from other states and not pay it back either.Another injustice is that individual countries are rewarded with debt relief even though they have not managed to stand on their own two feet. Those countries that are just above the poverty line because their reforms have been successful are not rewarded.
Key figures in comparison
(All figures weighted according to population share.)Heavily Indebted Poor Countries | World | USA | |
---|---|---|---|
Populations | 760.2 m | 7.8 bn | 331.5 m |
GNP per capita | 998 USD | 11,077 USD | 64,140 USD |
Government debt (% of GDP) | 49.3 % | 93.9 % | 119.0 % |
Expenditure on education (% of GDP) | 3.7 % | 3.7 % | 5.0 % |
Unemployment rate | 5.2 % | 6.2 % | 5.5 % |
Literacy rate | 63.0 % | 86.7 % | 0.0 % |
Electricity access | 45.9 % | 90.5 % | 100.0 % |
Birthrate | 34.5 ‰ | 17.3 ‰ | 10.9 ‰ |
Life expectancy | 63.8 Jahre | 72.7 Jahre | 77.3 Jahre |