Currency and gold reserves worldwide
To secure and stabilize a currency, the money in circulation is deposited with real values. The country's central and central banks thus provide an actual value for banknotes and coins issued - as well as non-physically available bank deposits on bank accounts.Gold is probably the best-known currency reserve, but in fact the proportion of gold reserves is often in the single-digit percentage range or even completely absent. Instead, foreign currency assets, special drawing rights in the International Monetary Fund and other reserve positions are used as currency reserves.
National money and foreign reserves
Broad money displayed in billion EurosThe euro countries are listed separately below this table.
| Country | broad money | currency reserves | of which gold | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lesotho | 630 | 141.1% | 0.0% | |
| Saudi Arabia | 434.142 | 113.5% | 2.2% | |
| Botswana | 5.920 | 111.0% | 0.0% | |
| Afghanistan | 6.166 | 108.6% | 11.1% | |
| Algeria | 111.695 | 95.7% | 5.3% | |
| Solomon Islands | 543 | 86.7% | 5.4% | |
| Kyrgyzstan | 2.134 | 83.9% | 8.6% | |
| Bhutan | 1.277 | 78.7% | 0.0% | |
| Tonga | 202 | 76.3% | 0.0% | |
| Peru | 75.495 | 73.3% | 2.1% | |
| Micronesia, Federated States of | 196 | 72.2% | 0.0% | |
| Rwanda | 1.532 | 62.7% | 0.0% | |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 14.247 | 62.5% | 0.7% | |
| Moldova | 3.168 | 62.3% | 0.1% | |
| Singapore | 353.046 | 61.7% | 1.9% | |
| Angola | 35.394 | 59.6% | 0.0% | |
| Comoros | 242 | 56.5% | 0.4% | |
| Bulgaria | 38.646 | 55.9% | 5.9% | |
| Cambodia | 14.453 | 55.9% | 5.2% | |
| Czech Republic | 134.564 | 54.7% | 0.4% | |
| Serbia | 16.971 | 54.4% | 6.4% | |
| Switzerland | 1.106.821 | 53.4% | 5.6% | |
| Sierra Leone | 993 | 53.0% | 0.0% | |
| Central Africa | 395 | 52.2% | 0.0% | |
| Sao Tome and Principe | 105 | 51.8% | 0.0% | |
| Romania | 66.031 | 51.6% | 9.6% | |
| Seychelles | 918 | 51.1% | 0.0% | |
| Haiti | 3.465 | 51.0% | 3.1% | |
| Kazakhstan | 53.763 | 50.9% | 32.1% | |
| Oman | 36.137 | 50.5% | 0.0% | |
| Azerbaijan | 10.725 | 50.2% | 11.2% | |
| Uruguay | 25.349 | 50.2% | 0.0% | |
| Iceland | 14.032 | 49.8% | 1.0% | |
| Swaziland | 1.081 | 49.7% | 0.0% | |
| Russia | 741.729 | 49.7% | 15.8% | |
| Armenia | 4.069 | 48.6% | 0.0% | |
| Uganda * | 4.261 | 48.2% | 0.0% | |
| Nicaragua | 4.619 | 46.7% | 0.0% | |
| Paraguay | 13.080 | 46.0% | 4.4% | |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 9.847 | 45.0% | 2.1% | |
| Madagascar | 2.325 | 43.6% | 0.0% | |
| Malawi * | 1.064 | 43.5% | 0.0% | |
| Macedonia | 5.492 | 43.2% | 9.2% | |
| Denmark | 129.585 | 42.6% | 3.8% | |
| Vanuatu | 593 | 41.0% | 0.0% | |
| Georgia | 5.452 | 40.7% | 0.0% | |
| Lebanon | 119.496 | 40.6% | 19.6% | |
| Ghana | 12.282 | 40.2% | 5.5% | |
| Dominica | 501 | 40.0% | 0.0% | |
| Croatia | 31.668 | 38.6% | 0.0% | |
| Timor-Leste | 662 | 38.3% | 0.0% | |
| Nepal | 20.360 | 37.8% | 2.7% | |
| Mozambique | 4.550 | 37.2% | 7.4% | |
| Mauritius | 11.866 | 37.1% | 9.2% | |
| Jamaica | 7.792 | 37.0% | 0.0% | |
| Tanzania * | 8.645 | 36.7% | 0.0% | |
| Nigeria | 60.082 | 36.4% | 2.6% | |
| Ukraine | 37.701 | 36.0% | 6.0% | |
| Poland | 271.052 | 35.6% | 3.3% | |
| Israel | 243.481 | 35.4% | 0.0% | |
| Philippines | 202.971 | 34.2% | 9.0% | |
| Hungary | 64.807 | 34.2% | 0.0% | |
| Tajikistan | 1.689 | 34.2% | 83.4% | |
| Cape Verde | 1.464 | 33.6% | 0.0% | |
| Colombia | 126.428 | 33.4% | 0.5% | |
| Cameroon | 5.727 | 33.4% | 0.0% | |
| Thailand | 461.541 | 33.1% | 3.3% | |
| Brunei | 9.151 | 33.0% | 4.7% | |
| Jordan | 42.590 | 33.0% | 9.8% | |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 543 | 31.9% | 0.0% | |
| Bolivia | 28.820 | 31.9% | 15.6% | |
| Honduras | 10.687 | 31.5% | 0.6% | |
| Namibia | 5.556 | 31.4% | 0.0% | |
| Indonesia | 336.561 | 30.9% | 2.5% | |
| Mexico | 471.171 | 30.9% | 2.5% | |
| Albania | 9.075 | 30.5% | 1.9% | |
| Kuwait | 104.851 | 28.9% | 8.6% | |
| Kenya | 24.394 | 27.9% | 0.0% | |
| Guatemala | 29.859 | 27.9% | 2.8% | |
| Samoa | 333 | 27.4% | 0.0% | |
| El Salvador | 10.793 | 27.1% | 1.6% | |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 1.127 | 26.4% | 0.0% | |
| Costa Rica | 25.740 | 26.2% | 0.0% | |
| Guyana | 2.043 | 25.7% | 0.0% | |
| United Arab Emirates | 300.750 | 25.6% | 0.3% | |
| Belize | 1.334 | 25.5% | 0.0% | |
| Fiji | 3.223 | 25.2% | 0.1% | |
| Norway | 213.013 | 25.1% | 0.0% | |
| Malaysia | 324.601 | 24.4% | 1.5% | |
| Argentina | 132.752 | 24.3% | 5.4% | |
| Maldives | 1.803 | 24.1% | 0.0% | |
| Dominican Republic | 23.313 | 23.6% | 0.3% | |
| Papua New Guinea | 6.361 | 23.5% | 4.3% | |
| Qatar | 123.196 | 23.3% | 3.4% | |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | 1.249 | 23.1% | 0.0% | |
| Mongolia | 4.389 | 23.1% | 4.9% | |
| Gabon | 2.942 | 23.0% | 0.0% | |
| Grenada | 815 | 23.0% | 0.0% | |
| Saint Lucia | 1.207 | 22.8% | 0.0% | |
| Congo, Republic of the | 1.471 | 22.2% | 0.0% | |
| Bangladesh | 130.061 | 22.1% | 1.6% | |
| Turkey | 373.468 | 22.1% | 13.1% | |
| South Africa | 204.964 | 22.0% | 9.8% | |
| India | 1.523.951 | 21.1% | 5.7% | |
| Tunisia | 24.368 | 21.1% | 4.1% | |
| Morocco | 107.370 | 20.5% | 3.2% | |
| Brazil | 1.689.542 | 20.3% | 0.7% | |
| Chile | 189.537 | 19.5% | 0.0% | |
| Guinea | 1.895 | 18.0% | 2.1% | |
| South Korea | 1.835.913 | 17.8% | 1.0% | |
| Sweden | 298.545 | 16.7% | 7.8% | |
| Burma | 26.454 | 15.6% | 5.5% | |
| Burundi | 631 | 14.7% | 10.5% | |
| Suriname | 1.987 | 14.7% | 7.6% | |
| Congo (Dem. Republic) | 4.012 | 14.6% | 0.0% | |
| Bahamas | 6.171 | 14.6% | 0.0% | |
| Pakistan | 143.110 | 13.8% | 10.8% | |
| China | 20.190.118 | 13.3% | 2.2% | |
| Sri Lanka | 40.372 | 13.1% | 13.6% | |
| Japan | 10.128.382 | 10.1% | 2.3% | |
| Ecuador | 43.570 | 8.7% | 10.3% | |
| Egypt | 127.778 | 7.2% | 11.8% | |
| Euro countries | 10.799.073 | 5.9% | 56.5% | |
| Australia | 1.297.130 | 3.9% | 5.3% | |
| United Kingdom | 3.143.994 | 3.6% | 8.5% | |
| Equatorial Guinea | 1.679 | 3.2% | 0.0% | |
| United States | 15.162.985 | 2.4% | 73.8% | |
| Sudan * | 12.802 | 1.1% | 0.0% | |
| Chad | 1.372 | 0.5% | 0.0% |
Reserve assets in the Euro area
For the Euro, the determination of the money supply at state level is statistically possible, but not particularly meaningful for the hedging of the overall currency. Therefore, the euro countries jointly take on the task of securing their common currency proportionately with reserves. The following table shows the currency reserves of the individual Euro countries and the gold reserves contained therein.| Country | currency reserves | of which gold | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Germany | 184.031 m € | 67.6% | |
| France | 145.866 m € | 61.5% | |
| Italy | 135.133 m € | 66.8% | |
| Spain | 63.040 m € | 16.5% | |
| Netherlands | 35.906 m € | 62.8% | |
| Portugal | 24.990 m € | 56.4% | |
| Belgium | 23.481 m € | 35.7% | |
| Austria | 23.255 m € | 44.4% | |
| Finland | 10.465 m € | 17.3% | |
| Greece | 6.851 m € | 60.7% | |
| Ireland | 3.589 m € | 6.2% | |
| Latvia | 3.512 m € | 6.9% | |
| Slovakia | 2.880 m € | 40.5% | |
| Lithuania | 2.600 m € | 8.2% | |
| Luxembourg | 973 m € | 8.5% | |
| Montenegro | 846 m € | 0.0% | |
| Cyprus | 812 m € | 63.0% | |
| Kosovo | 770 m € | 0.0% | |
| Slovenia | 742 m € | 15.8% | |
| Malta | 677 m € | 0.5% | |
| Estonia | 352 m € | 2.6% | |
| Gesamt | 670.773 m € | 56.5% |
All data based on International Monetary Fund and European Central Bank. Data for most countries refer to december 2016. Some smaller countries for December 2015.