Volcano Tengger Massiv Java in Indonesia

Volcanoes in Indonesia

With 43 volcanoes in Indonesia there have been a total of 184 significant eruptions over the past 1,700 years. Over 57,200 people were killed. The worst volcanic eruption in terms of deaths, destroyed houses and financial damages happened on 04/10/1815 with the eruption of "Tambora". Here, 11000 people died.

Out of 128 volcanos in Indonesia, 80 are considered still active. Additionally there are five active submarine volcanoes.

Other natural hazards in Indonesia:
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Back to overview: Indonesia

Indonesia is located on the Pacific Ring of Fire, which stretches for about 40,000 km around the Pacific Ocean. Here the tectonic plate of the Pacific collides with several surrounding continental plates and seismic tremors occur again and again. Most of the world's volcanic eruptions, which are also the most severe, occur in this zone.

Current eruptions and disturbances

Semeru volcano

The Semeru volcano, which has erupted previously, remains active. Its summit lies at an altitude of 3,657 meters. Escaping lava, ash and gases have a massive impact on the surrounding areas and air traffic. At about 2:30 pm local time on Monday, a warning was still in effect up to an altitude of 4,300 meters. Previously, ash clouds rose to an altitude of 4,900 meters. However, the Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) in Darwin currently assumes a decrease in volcanic activity.

Dukono volcano in Moluccas

The Dukono volcano in the Moluccas region is already smoldering for weeks and is still active as of March 26th, 2023. Its summit lies at an altitude of 1,229 meters. Escaping lava, ash and gases have a massive impact on the surrounding areas and air traffic. At about 11:45 am local time on Sunday, a warning was still in effect up to an altitude of 2,100 meters. Only about 13 km from the volcano is the city of Tobelo with 10,000 inhabitants. However, the Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) in Darwin currently assumes a decrease in volcanic activity.

Ibu volcano

The Ibu volcano, which has erupted previously, remains active. Its summit lies at an altitude of 1,325 meters. Escaping lava, ash and gases have a massive impact on the surrounding areas and air traffic. At about 7:30 am local time on Sunday, a warning was still in effect up to an altitude of 1,800 meters. Previously, ash clouds rose to an altitude of 2,100 meters. However, the Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) in Darwin currently assumes a decrease in volcanic activity.

Krakatau volcano

The Krakatau volcano, which has been spewing lava again since March 10th, 2023, was still active as of March 26th, 2023. Its summit lies at an altitude of 155 meters. Escaping lava, ash and gases have a massive impact on the surrounding areas and air traffic. Previously, ash clouds rose to an altitude of 1,500 meters. However, the Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) in Darwin currently assumes a decrease in volcanic activity.

Lewotolo volcano

The Lewotolo volcano, which has been spewing lava again since March 22nd, 2023, was still active as of March 27th, 2023. Its summit lies at an altitude of 1,423 meters. Escaping lava, ash and gases have a massive impact on the surrounding areas and air traffic. At about 4:37 pm local time on Monday, a warning was still in effect up to an altitude of 2,100 meters. However, the Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) in Darwin currently assumes a decrease in volcanic activity.

Significant volcanic eruptions in Indonesia in the last 1700 years

The following list shows all volcanic eruptions of the last 1,700 years with significant damage. The column "VEI" stands for the volcano explosivity index, which represents the strength of the eruption from a geological point of view. This takes into account the height and volume of the rocks ejected. The scale ranges from 0-8, with the severity of the eruption increasing tenfold with each value. For example, a VEI of 1 means that the volcano throws lava and rock masses of 100,000 to 1 million cubic meters up to 1 kilometer high. From VEI 8, a volcano is considered a super volcano. Here, more than 1,000 cubic kilometers of tephra are thrown to altitudes of more than 25 kilometers.

The highest explosivity index in Indonesia reached in the review period was VEI 7 in 1815. The volcano Tambora threw tephramasses of at least 100 cubic kilometers over 25 kilometers high. Such an intensity is normally only achieved every 1000 years.

Eruption	Volcano	VEI	Deaths
12/04/2021	Semeru	3	51
05/29/2020	Ijen	0	1
12/22/2018	Krakatau	3	0
12/18/2017	Merapi	0	8
12/18/2017	Merapi	0	8
07/01/2017	Dieng Volc Complex	0	8
07/01/2017	Dieng Volc Complex	0	8
04/13/2017	Sinabung	2	0
04/13/2017	Sinabung	2	0
05/21/2016	Sinabung	0	7
05/21/2016	Sinabung	0	7
05/09/2016	Sinabung	0	1
05/09/2016	Sinabung	0	1
10/16/2015	Sinabung	0	1
10/16/2015	Sinabung	0	1
12/18/2014	Gamalama	0	1
02/13/2014	Kelut	0	7
02/01/2014	Sinabung	0	17
09/15/2013	Sinabung	2	0
08/10/2013	Paluweh	3	5
02/12/2013	Merapi	0	1
12/27/2011	Gamalama	3	4
07/17/2011	Lokon-Empung	0	1
01/03/2011	Merapi	0	1
10/26/2010	Merapi	0	367
08/30/2010	Sinabung	0	2
08/06/2010	Karangetang [api Siau]	3	4
07/07/2007	Salak	0	6
06/14/2006	Merapi	1	2
06/08/2004	Tengger Caldera	2	2
01/29/2004	Egon	1	1
01/03/2002	Karangetang [api Siau]	3	0
01/01/2002	Semeru	3	3
08/05/2001	Merapi	2	2
11/01/2000	Merapi	2	1
07/27/2000	Semeru	3	2
07/01/1998	Kelut	0	10
09/02/1997	Semeru	3	2
04/17/1997	Karangetang [api Siau]	1	3
01/14/1997	Merapi	2	6
05/15/1995	Kelimutu	0	1
11/22/1994	Merapi	3	60
11/03/1994	Rinjani	3	31
02/03/1994	Semeru	3	6
06/13/1993	Krakatau	1	1
01/21/1993	Wurlali	0	1
07/05/1992	Marapi	2	1
05/11/1992	Karangetang [api Siau]	1	6
03/18/1992	Dieng Volc Complex	0	1
01/21/1992	Karangetang [api Siau]	2	2
01/01/1992	Semeru	3	3
10/24/1991	Lokon-Empung	1	1
11/25/1990	Kelut	0	4
02/10/1990	Kelut	4	32
07/30/1988	Semeru	3	1
10/15/1986	Merapi	2	1
05/10/1985	Semeru	3	70
08/17/1983	Iliwerung	1	0
07/23/1983	Colo [una Una]	4	0
05/17/1982	Galunggung	4	68
09/05/1981	Paluweh	2	0
05/14/1981	Semeru	3	372
03/29/1981	Semeru	3	1
02/20/1979	Dieng Volc Complex	1	149
09/19/1978	Semeru	3	12
01/01/1978	Tangkubanparahu	0	3
11/25/1976	Merapi	2	29
09/15/1976	Karangetang [api Siau]	2	1
08/31/1976	Semeru	2	119
01/01/1975	Marapi	2	80
10/22/1974	Merapi	2	9
02/11/1974	Karangetang [api Siau]	3	4
12/05/1973	Iliwerung	2	2
01/01/1973	Paluweh	3	0
01/28/1969	Iya	3	2
01/07/1969	Merapi	2	3
08/31/1967	Semeru	3	3
08/12/1966	Awu	4	39
04/26/1966	Kelut	4	215
12/13/1964	Dieng Volc Complex	1	114
01/01/1964	Paluweh	2	1
09/05/1963	Batur	2	2
05/16/1963	Agung	3	120
05/05/1963	Semeru	2	1
03/18/1963	Agung	5	1028
12/31/1962	Gamalama	2	5
10/01/1962	Merapi	0	2
05/08/1961	Merapi	3	6
07/12/1958	Mahawu	2	1
06/01/1953	Sirung	0	5
03/23/1953	Merapi	3	64
08/31/1951	Kelut	3	7
08/28/1950	Semeru	1	6
04/07/1948	Iliwerung	2	0
10/29/1946	Semeru	2	0
02/01/1946	Semeru	2	6
12/04/1944	Dieng Volc Complex	2	117
09/21/1941	Semeru	2	0
06/20/1940	Karangetang [api Siau]	2	1
10/13/1939	Dieng Volc Complex	1	10
12/18/1930	Merapi	3	1369
03/17/1930	Krakatau	2	0
08/04/1928	Paluweh	3	98
05/13/1928	Dieng Volc Complex	2	40
06/01/1923	Tangkubanparahu	0	3
03/11/1923	Papandayan	1	1
07/25/1920	Merapi	3	33
05/19/1919	Kelut	4	5110
07/18/1918	Banua Wuhu	3	0
06/23/1913	Semeru	2	0
03/14/1913	Awu	2	0
11/08/1911	Semeru	3	0
09/01/1909	Semeru	2	221
09/28/1907	Lewotobi	2	1
12/01/1902	Merapi	2	16
05/22/1901	Kelut	3	0
05/22/1895	Semeru	2	0
06/07/1892	Awu	3	1532
05/21/1892	Sorikmarapi	2	180
06/29/1890	Makian	2	0
09/06/1889	Banua Wuhu	2	0
04/18/1885	Semeru	2	74
08/27/1883	Krakatau	6	2000
01/29/1875	Kelut	0	0
11/03/1872	Merapi	4	200
04/17/1872	Merapi	4	170
04/15/1872	Merapi	4	30
08/07/1871	Gamalama	2	1
03/03/1871	Ruang	2	0
08/01/1870	Ruang	2	0
01/01/1870	Iliwerung	3	0
08/01/1869	Lamongan	2	8
07/07/1869	Lewotobi	2	2
01/03/1864	Kelut	2	54
12/29/1861	Makian	4	326
04/01/1860	Semeru	2	0
03/02/1856	Awu	3	2806
05/16/1848	Kelut	2	21
12/04/1847	Dieng Volc Complex	2	0
05/27/1846	Tangkubanparahu	2	0
02/08/1845	Soputan	2	0
08/01/1843	Lamongan	2	4
02/02/1840	Gamalama	2	0
02/26/1838	Gamalama	2	4
11/24/1833	Kaba	2	126
12/25/1832	Merapi	3	32
01/01/1829	Guntur	2	0
10/11/1826	Dieng Volc Complex	2	0
10/11/1826	Kelut	3	0
12/27/1822	Merapi	3	100
10/08/1822	Galunggung	5	4011
01/24/1817	Ijen	2	0
01/01/1817	Raung	4	0
04/10/1815	Tambora	7	11000
08/06/1812	Awu	3	953
10/08/1800	Guntur	0	0
01/01/1786	Dieng Volc Complex	2	38
01/01/1775	Lokon-Empung	3	0
01/01/1775	Gamalama	3	1300
02/02/1773	Gamalama	2	0
08/12/1772	Papandayan	3	2957
05/09/1772	Gamalama	3	35
01/01/1760	Makian	4	2000
01/01/1730	Raung	3	0
07/20/1716	Kelut	2	0
12/11/1711	Awu	3	3000
01/01/1698	Cereme	3	0
01/01/1690	Guntur	3	0
05/20/1673	Gamkonora	5	0
08/04/1672	Merapi	3	3000
07/19/1646	Makian	4	0
01/01/1638	Raung	4	1001
07/18/1608	Gamalama	3	0
01/01/1597	Raung	3	0
01/01/1593	Raung	5	0
01/01/1587	Merapi	4	0
01/01/1586	Kelut	5	10000
12/31/1564	Gamkonora	3	0
11/01/1550	Dukono	3	0
01/01/1385	Kelut	3	0
01/01/1376	Kelut	3	0
01/01/1334	Kelut	3	0
01/01/1311	Kelut	3	0
01/01/0416	Krakatau	0	0

All volcanoes in Indonesia

Volcano	Elevation	Status	Last eruption
Agung	3142 m	Active
Ambang	1795 m	Solfatara stage
Ambulombo	2124 m	Active
Api Siau	1827 m	Active
Argopuro	3088 m	Solfatara stage
Arjuna and Welirang	3339 m	Solfatara stage
Awu	1320 m	Active	08/12/1966
Banda Api	685 m	Active
Batu Kolok	890 m	Solfatara stage
Batu Tara	748 m	Active
Batur	1717 m	Active	09/05/1963
Blerang Bereti	1959 m	Solfatara stage
Bromo	2329 m	Active
Bual Buali	1819 m	Solfatara stage
Bukit Daun	2467 m	Solfatara stage
Bukit Lumut Balai	2055 m	Solfatara stage
Butak Petarangan	2222 m	Active
Ciremay	3078 m	Active
Damar	868 m	Active
Dempo	3173 m	Active
Dieng	2565 m	Active
Dukono	1087 m	Active	11/01/1550
Egon	1703 m	Active	01/29/2004
G.Sorikmarapi	2145 m	Active
Galunggung	2168 m	Active	05/17/1982
Gamkunoro	1635 m	Active
Gayolesten	1500 m	Solfatara stage
Gede	2958 m	Active
Geureudong	2590 m	Solfatara stage
Guntur	2249 m	Active
Gunungapi	282 m	Active
Helatoba Tarutung	1100 m	Solfatara stage
Hilaya Lolowan	886 m	Active
Hulubelu	1040 m	Solfatara stage
Ibu	1340 m	Active
Ijen	2769 m	Active	05/29/2020
Ijen	2769 m	Active	05/29/2020
Ili Boleng	1659 m	Active
Ili Labalekan	1018 m	Solfatara stage
Ili Muda	1100 m	Solfatara stage
Ili Werung	1018 m	Active
Inerie	2245 m	Solfatara stage
Inie Lika	1559 m	Active
Iya	637 m	Active	01/28/1969
Kaba	1600 m	Active	11/24/1833
Karang	1778 m	Solfatara stage
Kawa Ijen	2386 m	Active
Kawa Kamojang	1730 m	Solfatara stage
Kawa Karaha	1155 m	Active
Kawa Manuk	2608 m	Solfatara stage
Keli Mutu	1640 m	Active
Kelud	1731 m	Active
Kerinci	3805 m	Active
Kiarabares Gagak	1511 m	Active
Klabat	1995 m	Solfatara stage
Krakatau	813 m	Active	12/22/2018
Kunyit	2151 m	Solfatara stage
Lahendong	988 m	Solfatara stage
Lamongan	1651 m	Active	08/01/1869
Lawu	3265 m	Solfatara stage
Leroboleng	1117 m	Active
Lewotobi Laki Laki	1584 m	Active
Lewotobi Perampuan	1703 m	Active
Lewotolo	1319 m	Active
Lokon Empung	1579 m	Active
Mahawu	1331 m	Active	07/12/1958
Makian	1357 m	Active
Malupang Warirang	1115 m	Active
Manuk	282 m	Solfatara stage
Marapi	2891 m	Active
Marga Bayur	1000 m	Solfatara stage
Merapi	2911 m	Active	12/18/2017
Merbabu	3145 m	Active
Moti	690 m	Active
Ndetu Napu	750 m	Solfatara stage
Nila	781 m	Active
Paluweh	875 m	Active	08/10/2013
Papandayan	2665 m	Active	03/11/1923
Patuha	2434 m	Solfatara stage
Pematang Bata	1000 m	Active
Perbakti	1699 m	Solfatara stage
Peuetsague	2780 m	Active
Potjok Leok	1675 m	Solfatara stage
Pui	371 m	Active
Pulau Weh	584 m	Solfatara stage
Pulosari	1346 m	Solfatara stage
Pusuk Bukit	1981 m	Solfatara stage
Radjabasa	1281 m	Solfatara stage
Raund	3332 m	Active
Riang Cotang	200 m	Solfatara stage
Rindjani	3726 m	Active
Ruang	714 m	Active	03/03/1871
Salak	2211 m	Active	07/07/2007
Sangeang Api	1949 m	Active
Sarangsong	770 m	Solfatara stage
Sekinciau Belirang	1719 m	Solfatara stage
Semeru	3676 m	Active	12/04/2021
Sempu	1549 m	Solfatara stage
Serua	641 m	Active
Seulawah Agam	1726 m	Active
Sibayak	2094 m	Solfatara stage
Sinabung	2460 m	Solfatara stage	04/13/2017
Sirung	862 m	Active	06/01/1953
Slamet	3432 m	Active
Soputan	1784 m	Active	02/08/1845
Sukariya Caldera	1500 m	Solfatara stage
Sumbing	2508 m	Active
Sumbing	3371 m	Active
Sundoro	3150 m	Active
Talagabodas	2201 m	Solfatara stage
Talakmau	2912 m	Solfatara stage
Talang	2896 m	Active
Tambora	2851 m	Active	04/10/1815
Tampusu	1180 m	Solfatara stage
Tandikat	2438 m	Active
Tangkuban Parahu	2084 m	Active
Telong	2624 m	Active
Tempang	900 m	Solfatara stage
Ternate	1715 m	Active
Teun	655 m	Active
Todoko	979 m	Solfatara stage
Tongkoko	1149 m	Active
Umsini	2665 m	Active
Unauna	508 m	Active
Ungaran	2050 m	Solfatara stage
Wai Sano	903 m	Solfatara stage
Wayang Windu	2182 m	Solfatara stage
Wilis	2563 m	Solfatara stage

These statistics are based on datas from the Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program (GVP), and the Significant Volcanic Eruptions Database of the National Geophysical Data Center (NOAA) / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS) doi:10.7289/V5JW8BSH. Several data have been summarized and translated.

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