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Volcano Tengger Massiv Java in Indonesia

Volcanoes in Indonesia

With 43 volcanoes in Indonesia there have been a total of 184 significant eruptions over the past 1,700 years. Over 57,200 people were killed. The worst volcanic eruption in terms of deaths, destroyed houses and financial damages happened on 04/10/1815 with the eruption of "Tambora". Here, 11000 people died.

Out of 128 volcanos in Indonesia, 80 are considered still active. Additionally there are five active submarine volcanoes.

Other natural hazards in Indonesia:
Earthquake
Tsunamis
Cyclones
Current volcanoes worldwide


Back to overview: Indonesia

Indonesia is located on the Pacific Ring of Fire, which stretches for about 40,000 km around the Pacific Ocean. Here the tectonic plate of the Pacific collides with several surrounding continental plates and seismic tremors occur again and again. Most of the world's volcanic eruptions, which are also the most severe, occur in this zone.

Current eruptions and disturbances

Semeru volcano

The Semeru volcano, which has erupted previously, remains active. Its summit lies at an altitude of 3,657 meters. Escaping lava, ash and gases have a massive impact on the surrounding areas and air traffic. At about 2:15 pm local time on Thursday, a warning was still in effect up to an altitude of 4,000 meters. Previously, ash clouds rose to an altitude of 4,900 meters. However, the Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) in Darwin currently assumes a decrease in volcanic activity.

Ibu volcano

The Ibu volcano, which has erupted previously, remains active. Its summit lies at an altitude of 1,325 meters. Escaping lava, ash and gases have a massive impact on the surrounding areas and air traffic. At about 2:36 pm local time on Tuesday, a warning was still in effect up to an altitude of 1,800 meters. Previously, ash clouds rose to an altitude of 2,400 meters. However, the Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) in Darwin currently assumes a decrease in volcanic activity.

Lewotolo volcano

The Lewotolo volcano remained active on June 5th, 2023. It has been moving almost continuously since March 22nd, 2023. Its summit lies at an altitude of 1,423 meters. Escaping lava, ash and gases have a massive impact on the surrounding areas and air traffic. At about 2:35 pm local time on Monday, a warning was still in effect up to an altitude of 2,100 meters. However, the Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) in Darwin currently assumes a decrease in volcanic activity.

Dukono volcano in Moluccas

The Dukono volcano in the Moluccas region remained active on June 8th, 2023. It has been moving almost continuously since February 17th, 2023. Its summit lies at an altitude of 1,229 meters. Escaping lava, ash and gases have a massive impact on the surrounding areas and air traffic. At about 8:27 pm local time on Thursday, a warning was still in effect up to an altitude of 2,100 meters. Only about 13 km from the volcano is the city of Tobelo with 10,000 inhabitants. However, the Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) in Darwin currently assumes a decrease in volcanic activity.

Karangetang volcano

The Karangetang volcano, which has been spewing lava again since June 2nd, 2023, was still active as of June 5th, 2023. Its summit lies at an altitude of 1,797 meters. Escaping lava, ash and gases have a massive impact on the surrounding areas and air traffic. At about 10:16 am local time on Monday, a warning was still in effect up to an altitude of 2,100 meters. However, the Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) in Darwin currently assumes a decrease in volcanic activity.

Krakatau volcano

The Krakatau volcano, which has been spewing lava again since May 10th, 2023, was still active as of June 8th, 2023. Its summit lies at an altitude of 155 meters. Escaping lava, ash and gases have a massive impact on the surrounding areas and air traffic. At about 4:11 pm local time on Thursday, a warning was still in effect up to an altitude of 1,200 meters. However, the Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) in Darwin currently assumes a decrease in volcanic activity.

Significant volcanic eruptions in Indonesia in the last 1700 years

Volcano Tengger Massiv Java in IndonesiaThe following list shows all volcanic eruptions of the last 1,700 years with significant damage. The column "VEI" stands for the volcano explosivity index, which represents the strength of the eruption from a geological point of view. This takes into account the height and volume of the rocks ejected. The scale ranges from 0-8, with the severity of the eruption increasing tenfold with each value. For example, a VEI of 1 means that the volcano throws lava and rock masses of 100,000 to 1 million cubic meters up to 1 kilometer high. From VEI 8, a volcano is considered a super volcano. Here, more than 1,000 cubic kilometers of tephra are thrown to altitudes of more than 25 kilometers.

The highest explosivity index in Indonesia reached in the review period was VEI 7 in 1815. The volcano Tambora threw tephramasses of at least 100 cubic kilometers over 25 kilometers high. Such an intensity is normally only achieved every 1000 years.

EruptionVolcanoVEIDeathsTotal damage
12/04/2021Semeru351
05/29/2020Ijen01
12/22/2018Krakatau30
12/18/2017Merapi08
12/18/2017Merapi08
07/01/2017Dieng Volc Complex08
07/01/2017Dieng Volc Complex08
04/13/2017Sinabung20
04/13/2017Sinabung20
05/21/2016Sinabung07
05/21/2016Sinabung07
05/09/2016Sinabung01
05/09/2016Sinabung01
10/16/2015Sinabung01
10/16/2015Sinabung01
12/18/2014Gamalama01
02/13/2014Kelut07
02/01/2014Sinabung017
09/15/2013Sinabung20
08/10/2013Paluweh35
02/12/2013Merapi01
12/27/2011Gamalama34
07/17/2011Lokon-Empung01
01/03/2011Merapi01
10/26/2010Merapi0367
08/30/2010Sinabung02
08/06/2010Karangetang [api Siau]34
07/07/2007Salak06
06/14/2006Merapi12
06/08/2004Tengger Caldera22
01/29/2004Egon11
01/03/2002Karangetang [api Siau]30
01/01/2002Semeru33
08/05/2001Merapi22
11/01/2000Merapi21
07/27/2000Semeru32
07/01/1998Kelut010
09/02/1997Semeru32
04/17/1997Karangetang [api Siau]13
01/14/1997Merapi26
05/15/1995Kelimutu01
11/22/1994Merapi360
11/03/1994Rinjani331
02/03/1994Semeru36
06/13/1993Krakatau11
01/21/1993Wurlali01
07/05/1992Marapi21
05/11/1992Karangetang [api Siau]16
03/18/1992Dieng Volc Complex01
01/21/1992Karangetang [api Siau]22
01/01/1992Semeru33
10/24/1991Lokon-Empung11
11/25/1990Kelut04
02/10/1990Kelut432
07/30/1988Semeru31
10/15/1986Merapi21
05/10/1985Semeru370
08/17/1983Iliwerung10
07/23/1983Colo [una Una]40
05/17/1982Galunggung468
09/05/1981Paluweh20
05/14/1981Semeru3372
03/29/1981Semeru31
02/20/1979Dieng Volc Complex1149
09/19/1978Semeru312
01/01/1978Tangkubanparahu03
11/25/1976Merapi229
09/15/1976Karangetang [api Siau]21
08/31/1976Semeru2119
01/01/1975Marapi280
10/22/1974Merapi29
02/11/1974Karangetang [api Siau]34
12/05/1973Iliwerung22
01/01/1973Paluweh30
01/28/1969Iya32
01/07/1969Merapi23
08/31/1967Semeru33
08/12/1966Awu439
04/26/1966Kelut4215
12/13/1964Dieng Volc Complex1114
01/01/1964Paluweh21
09/05/1963Batur22
05/16/1963Agung3120
05/05/1963Semeru21
03/18/1963Agung51028
12/31/1962Gamalama25
10/01/1962Merapi02
05/08/1961Merapi36
07/12/1958Mahawu21
06/01/1953Sirung05
03/23/1953Merapi364
08/31/1951Kelut37
08/28/1950Semeru16
04/07/1948Iliwerung20
10/29/1946Semeru20
02/01/1946Semeru26
12/04/1944Dieng Volc Complex2117
09/21/1941Semeru20
06/20/1940Karangetang [api Siau]21
10/13/1939Dieng Volc Complex110
12/18/1930Merapi31369
03/17/1930Krakatau20
08/04/1928Paluweh398
05/13/1928Dieng Volc Complex240
06/01/1923Tangkubanparahu03
03/11/1923Papandayan11
07/25/1920Merapi333
05/19/1919Kelut45110
07/18/1918Banua Wuhu30
06/23/1913Semeru20
03/14/1913Awu20
11/08/1911Semeru30
09/01/1909Semeru2221
09/28/1907Lewotobi21
12/01/1902Merapi216
05/22/1901Kelut30
05/22/1895Semeru20
06/07/1892Awu31532
05/21/1892Sorikmarapi2180
06/29/1890Makian20
09/06/1889Banua Wuhu20
04/18/1885Semeru274
08/27/1883Krakatau62000
01/29/1875Kelut00
11/03/1872Merapi4200
04/17/1872Merapi4170
04/15/1872Merapi430
08/07/1871Gamalama21
03/03/1871Ruang20
08/01/1870Ruang20
01/01/1870Iliwerung30
08/01/1869Lamongan28
07/07/1869Lewotobi22
01/03/1864Kelut254
12/29/1861Makian4326
04/01/1860Semeru20
03/02/1856Awu32806
05/16/1848Kelut221
12/04/1847Dieng Volc Complex20
05/27/1846Tangkubanparahu20
02/08/1845Soputan20
08/01/1843Lamongan24
02/02/1840Gamalama20
02/26/1838Gamalama24
11/24/1833Kaba2126
12/25/1832Merapi332
01/01/1829Guntur20
10/11/1826Dieng Volc Complex20
10/11/1826Kelut30
12/27/1822Merapi3100
10/08/1822Galunggung54011
01/24/1817Ijen20
01/01/1817Raung40
04/10/1815Tambora711000
08/06/1812Awu3953
10/08/1800Guntur00
01/01/1786Dieng Volc Complex238
01/01/1775Lokon-Empung30
01/01/1775Gamalama31300
02/02/1773Gamalama20
08/12/1772Papandayan32957
05/09/1772Gamalama335
01/01/1760Makian42000
01/01/1730Raung30
07/20/1716Kelut20
12/11/1711Awu33000
01/01/1698Cereme30
01/01/1690Guntur30
05/20/1673Gamkonora50
08/04/1672Merapi33000
07/19/1646Makian40
01/01/1638Raung41001
07/18/1608Gamalama30
01/01/1597Raung30
01/01/1593Raung50
01/01/1587Merapi40
01/01/1586Kelut510000
12/31/1564Gamkonora30
11/01/1550Dukono30
01/01/1385Kelut30
01/01/1376Kelut30
01/01/1334Kelut30
01/01/1311Kelut30
01/01/0416Krakatau00


All volcanoes in Indonesia

VolcanoElevationStatusLast eruption
Agung3142 mActive
Ambang1795 mSolfatara stage
Ambulombo2124 mActive
Api Siau1827 mActive
Argopuro3088 mSolfatara stage
Arjuna and Welirang3339 mSolfatara stage
Awu1320 mActive08/12/1966
Banda Api685 mActive
Batu Kolok890 mSolfatara stage
Batu Tara748 mActive
Batur1717 mActive09/05/1963
Blerang Bereti1959 mSolfatara stage
Bromo2329 mActive
Bual Buali1819 mSolfatara stage
Bukit Daun2467 mSolfatara stage
Bukit Lumut Balai2055 mSolfatara stage
Butak Petarangan2222 mActive
Ciremay3078 mActive
Damar868 mActive
Dempo3173 mActive
Dieng2565 mActive
Dukono1087 mActive11/01/1550
Egon1703 mActive01/29/2004
G.Sorikmarapi2145 mActive
Galunggung2168 mActive05/17/1982
Gamkunoro1635 mActive
Gayolesten1500 mSolfatara stage
Gede2958 mActive
Geureudong2590 mSolfatara stage
Guntur2249 mActive
Gunungapi282 mActive
Helatoba Tarutung1100 mSolfatara stage
Hilaya Lolowan886 mActive
Hulubelu1040 mSolfatara stage
Ibu1340 mActive
Ijen2769 mActive05/29/2020
Ijen2769 mActive05/29/2020
Ili Boleng1659 mActive
Ili Labalekan1018 mSolfatara stage
Ili Muda1100 mSolfatara stage
Ili Werung1018 mActive
Inerie2245 mSolfatara stage
Inie Lika1559 mActive
Iya637 mActive01/28/1969
Kaba1600 mActive11/24/1833
Karang1778 mSolfatara stage
Kawa Ijen2386 mActive
Kawa Kamojang1730 mSolfatara stage
Kawa Karaha1155 mActive
Kawa Manuk2608 mSolfatara stage
Keli Mutu1640 mActive
Kelud1731 mActive
Kerinci3805 mActive
Kiarabares Gagak1511 mActive
Klabat1995 mSolfatara stage
Krakatau813 mActive12/22/2018
Kunyit2151 mSolfatara stage
Lahendong988 mSolfatara stage
Lamongan1651 mActive08/01/1869
Lawu3265 mSolfatara stage
Leroboleng1117 mActive
Lewotobi Laki Laki1584 mActive
Lewotobi Perampuan1703 mActive
Lewotolo1319 mActive
Lokon Empung1579 mActive
Mahawu1331 mActive07/12/1958
Makian1357 mActive
Malupang Warirang1115 mActive
Manuk282 mSolfatara stage
Marapi2891 mActive
Marga Bayur1000 mSolfatara stage
Merapi2911 mActive12/18/2017
Merbabu3145 mActive
Moti690 mActive
Ndetu Napu750 mSolfatara stage
Nila781 mActive
Paluweh875 mActive08/10/2013
Papandayan2665 mActive03/11/1923
Patuha2434 mSolfatara stage
Pematang Bata1000 mActive
Perbakti1699 mSolfatara stage
Peuetsague2780 mActive
Potjok Leok1675 mSolfatara stage
Pui371 mActive
Pulau Weh584 mSolfatara stage
Pulosari1346 mSolfatara stage
Pusuk Bukit1981 mSolfatara stage
Radjabasa1281 mSolfatara stage
Raund3332 mActive
Riang Cotang200 mSolfatara stage
Rindjani3726 mActive
Ruang714 mActive03/03/1871
Salak2211 mActive07/07/2007
Sangeang Api1949 mActive
Sarangsong770 mSolfatara stage
Sekinciau Belirang1719 mSolfatara stage
Semeru3676 mActive12/04/2021
Sempu1549 mSolfatara stage
Serua641 mActive
Seulawah Agam1726 mActive
Sibayak2094 mSolfatara stage
Sinabung2460 mSolfatara stage04/13/2017
Sirung862 mActive06/01/1953
Slamet3432 mActive
Soputan1784 mActive02/08/1845
Sukariya Caldera1500 mSolfatara stage
Sumbing2508 mActive
Sumbing3371 mActive
Sundoro3150 mActive
Talagabodas2201 mSolfatara stage
Talakmau2912 mSolfatara stage
Talang2896 mActive
Tambora2851 mActive04/10/1815
Tampusu1180 mSolfatara stage
Tandikat2438 mActive
Tangkuban Parahu2084 mActive
Telong2624 mActive
Tempang900 mSolfatara stage
Ternate1715 mActive
Teun655 mActive
Todoko979 mSolfatara stage
Tongkoko1149 mActive
Umsini2665 mActive
Unauna508 mActive
Ungaran2050 mSolfatara stage
Wai Sano903 mSolfatara stage
Wayang Windu2182 mSolfatara stage
Wilis2563 mSolfatara stage



These statistics are based on datas from the Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program (GVP), and the Significant Volcanic Eruptions Database of the National Geophysical Data Center (NOAA) / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS) doi:10.7289/V5JW8BSH. Several data have been summarized and translated.
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