
Volcanoes in Indonesia
With 43 volcanoes in Indonesia there have been a total of 184 significant eruptions over the past 1,700 years. Over 57,200 people were killed. The worst volcanic eruption in terms of deaths, destroyed houses and financial damages happened on 04/10/1815 with the eruption of "Tambora". Here, 11000 people died.Out of 128 volcanos in Indonesia, 80 are considered still active. Additionally there are five active submarine volcanoes.
Other natural hazards in Indonesia:
› Earthquake
› Tsunamis
› Cyclones
› Current volcanoes worldwide
Back to overview: Indonesia
Indonesia is located on the Pacific Ring of Fire, which stretches for about 40,000 km around the Pacific Ocean. Here the tectonic plate of the Pacific collides with several surrounding continental plates and seismic tremors occur again and again. Most of the world's volcanic eruptions, which are also the most severe, occur in this zone.
The following list shows all volcanic eruptions of the last 1,700 years with significant damage. The column "VEI" stands for the volcano explosivity index, which represents the strength of the eruption from a geological point of view. This takes into account the height and volume of the rocks ejected. The scale ranges from 0-8, with the severity of the eruption increasing tenfold with each value. For example, a VEI of 1 means that the volcano throws lava and rock masses of 100,000 to 1 million cubic meters up to 1 kilometer high. From VEI 8, a volcano is considered a super volcano. Here, more than 1,000 cubic kilometers of tephra are thrown to altitudes of more than 25 kilometers.
The highest explosivity index in Indonesia reached in the review period was VEI 7 in 1815. The volcano Tambora threw tephramasses of at least 100 cubic kilometers over 25 kilometers high. Such an intensity is normally only achieved every 1000 years.
Current eruptions and disturbances
Semeru volcano
The Semeru volcano, which has erupted previously, remains active. Its summit lies at an altitude of 3,657 meters. Escaping lava, ash and gases have a massive impact on the surrounding areas and air traffic. At about 2:15 pm local time on Thursday, a warning was still in effect up to an altitude of 4,000 meters. Previously, ash clouds rose to an altitude of 4,900 meters. However, the Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) in Darwin currently assumes a decrease in volcanic activity.Ibu volcano
The Ibu volcano, which has erupted previously, remains active. Its summit lies at an altitude of 1,325 meters. Escaping lava, ash and gases have a massive impact on the surrounding areas and air traffic. At about 2:36 pm local time on Tuesday, a warning was still in effect up to an altitude of 1,800 meters. Previously, ash clouds rose to an altitude of 2,400 meters. However, the Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) in Darwin currently assumes a decrease in volcanic activity.Lewotolo volcano
The Lewotolo volcano remained active on June 5th, 2023. It has been moving almost continuously since March 22nd, 2023. Its summit lies at an altitude of 1,423 meters. Escaping lava, ash and gases have a massive impact on the surrounding areas and air traffic. At about 2:35 pm local time on Monday, a warning was still in effect up to an altitude of 2,100 meters. However, the Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) in Darwin currently assumes a decrease in volcanic activity.Dukono volcano in Moluccas
The Dukono volcano in the Moluccas region remained active on June 8th, 2023. It has been moving almost continuously since February 17th, 2023. Its summit lies at an altitude of 1,229 meters. Escaping lava, ash and gases have a massive impact on the surrounding areas and air traffic. At about 8:27 pm local time on Thursday, a warning was still in effect up to an altitude of 2,100 meters. Only about 13 km from the volcano is the city of Tobelo with 10,000 inhabitants. However, the Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) in Darwin currently assumes a decrease in volcanic activity.Karangetang volcano
The Karangetang volcano, which has been spewing lava again since June 2nd, 2023, was still active as of June 5th, 2023. Its summit lies at an altitude of 1,797 meters. Escaping lava, ash and gases have a massive impact on the surrounding areas and air traffic. At about 10:16 am local time on Monday, a warning was still in effect up to an altitude of 2,100 meters. However, the Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) in Darwin currently assumes a decrease in volcanic activity.Krakatau volcano
The Krakatau volcano, which has been spewing lava again since May 10th, 2023, was still active as of June 8th, 2023. Its summit lies at an altitude of 155 meters. Escaping lava, ash and gases have a massive impact on the surrounding areas and air traffic. At about 4:11 pm local time on Thursday, a warning was still in effect up to an altitude of 1,200 meters. However, the Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) in Darwin currently assumes a decrease in volcanic activity.Significant volcanic eruptions in Indonesia in the last 1700 years

The highest explosivity index in Indonesia reached in the review period was VEI 7 in 1815. The volcano Tambora threw tephramasses of at least 100 cubic kilometers over 25 kilometers high. Such an intensity is normally only achieved every 1000 years.
Eruption | Volcano | VEI | Deaths | Total damage |
---|---|---|---|---|
12/04/2021 | Semeru | 3 | 51 | |
05/29/2020 | Ijen | 0 | 1 | |
12/22/2018 | Krakatau | 3 | 0 | |
12/18/2017 | Merapi | 0 | 8 | |
12/18/2017 | Merapi | 0 | 8 | |
07/01/2017 | Dieng Volc Complex | 0 | 8 | |
07/01/2017 | Dieng Volc Complex | 0 | 8 | |
04/13/2017 | Sinabung | 2 | 0 | |
04/13/2017 | Sinabung | 2 | 0 | |
05/21/2016 | Sinabung | 0 | 7 | |
05/21/2016 | Sinabung | 0 | 7 | |
05/09/2016 | Sinabung | 0 | 1 | |
05/09/2016 | Sinabung | 0 | 1 | |
10/16/2015 | Sinabung | 0 | 1 | |
10/16/2015 | Sinabung | 0 | 1 | |
12/18/2014 | Gamalama | 0 | 1 | |
02/13/2014 | Kelut | 0 | 7 | |
02/01/2014 | Sinabung | 0 | 17 | |
09/15/2013 | Sinabung | 2 | 0 | |
08/10/2013 | Paluweh | 3 | 5 | |
02/12/2013 | Merapi | 0 | 1 | |
12/27/2011 | Gamalama | 3 | 4 | |
07/17/2011 | Lokon-Empung | 0 | 1 | |
01/03/2011 | Merapi | 0 | 1 | |
10/26/2010 | Merapi | 0 | 367 | |
08/30/2010 | Sinabung | 0 | 2 | |
08/06/2010 | Karangetang [api Siau] | 3 | 4 | |
07/07/2007 | Salak | 0 | 6 | |
06/14/2006 | Merapi | 1 | 2 | |
06/08/2004 | Tengger Caldera | 2 | 2 | |
01/29/2004 | Egon | 1 | 1 | |
01/03/2002 | Karangetang [api Siau] | 3 | 0 | |
01/01/2002 | Semeru | 3 | 3 | |
08/05/2001 | Merapi | 2 | 2 | |
11/01/2000 | Merapi | 2 | 1 | |
07/27/2000 | Semeru | 3 | 2 | |
07/01/1998 | Kelut | 0 | 10 | |
09/02/1997 | Semeru | 3 | 2 | |
04/17/1997 | Karangetang [api Siau] | 1 | 3 | |
01/14/1997 | Merapi | 2 | 6 | |
05/15/1995 | Kelimutu | 0 | 1 | |
11/22/1994 | Merapi | 3 | 60 | |
11/03/1994 | Rinjani | 3 | 31 | |
02/03/1994 | Semeru | 3 | 6 | |
06/13/1993 | Krakatau | 1 | 1 | |
01/21/1993 | Wurlali | 0 | 1 | |
07/05/1992 | Marapi | 2 | 1 | |
05/11/1992 | Karangetang [api Siau] | 1 | 6 | |
03/18/1992 | Dieng Volc Complex | 0 | 1 | |
01/21/1992 | Karangetang [api Siau] | 2 | 2 | |
01/01/1992 | Semeru | 3 | 3 | |
10/24/1991 | Lokon-Empung | 1 | 1 | |
11/25/1990 | Kelut | 0 | 4 | |
02/10/1990 | Kelut | 4 | 32 | |
07/30/1988 | Semeru | 3 | 1 | |
10/15/1986 | Merapi | 2 | 1 | |
05/10/1985 | Semeru | 3 | 70 | |
08/17/1983 | Iliwerung | 1 | 0 | |
07/23/1983 | Colo [una Una] | 4 | 0 | |
05/17/1982 | Galunggung | 4 | 68 | |
09/05/1981 | Paluweh | 2 | 0 | |
05/14/1981 | Semeru | 3 | 372 | |
03/29/1981 | Semeru | 3 | 1 | |
02/20/1979 | Dieng Volc Complex | 1 | 149 | |
09/19/1978 | Semeru | 3 | 12 | |
01/01/1978 | Tangkubanparahu | 0 | 3 | |
11/25/1976 | Merapi | 2 | 29 | |
09/15/1976 | Karangetang [api Siau] | 2 | 1 | |
08/31/1976 | Semeru | 2 | 119 | |
01/01/1975 | Marapi | 2 | 80 | |
10/22/1974 | Merapi | 2 | 9 | |
02/11/1974 | Karangetang [api Siau] | 3 | 4 | |
12/05/1973 | Iliwerung | 2 | 2 | |
01/01/1973 | Paluweh | 3 | 0 | |
01/28/1969 | Iya | 3 | 2 | |
01/07/1969 | Merapi | 2 | 3 | |
08/31/1967 | Semeru | 3 | 3 | |
08/12/1966 | Awu | 4 | 39 | |
04/26/1966 | Kelut | 4 | 215 | |
12/13/1964 | Dieng Volc Complex | 1 | 114 | |
01/01/1964 | Paluweh | 2 | 1 | |
09/05/1963 | Batur | 2 | 2 | |
05/16/1963 | Agung | 3 | 120 | |
05/05/1963 | Semeru | 2 | 1 | |
03/18/1963 | Agung | 5 | 1028 | |
12/31/1962 | Gamalama | 2 | 5 | |
10/01/1962 | Merapi | 0 | 2 | |
05/08/1961 | Merapi | 3 | 6 | |
07/12/1958 | Mahawu | 2 | 1 | |
06/01/1953 | Sirung | 0 | 5 | |
03/23/1953 | Merapi | 3 | 64 | |
08/31/1951 | Kelut | 3 | 7 | |
08/28/1950 | Semeru | 1 | 6 | |
04/07/1948 | Iliwerung | 2 | 0 | |
10/29/1946 | Semeru | 2 | 0 | |
02/01/1946 | Semeru | 2 | 6 | |
12/04/1944 | Dieng Volc Complex | 2 | 117 | |
09/21/1941 | Semeru | 2 | 0 | |
06/20/1940 | Karangetang [api Siau] | 2 | 1 | |
10/13/1939 | Dieng Volc Complex | 1 | 10 | |
12/18/1930 | Merapi | 3 | 1369 | |
03/17/1930 | Krakatau | 2 | 0 | |
08/04/1928 | Paluweh | 3 | 98 | |
05/13/1928 | Dieng Volc Complex | 2 | 40 | |
06/01/1923 | Tangkubanparahu | 0 | 3 | |
03/11/1923 | Papandayan | 1 | 1 | |
07/25/1920 | Merapi | 3 | 33 | |
05/19/1919 | Kelut | 4 | 5110 | |
07/18/1918 | Banua Wuhu | 3 | 0 | |
06/23/1913 | Semeru | 2 | 0 | |
03/14/1913 | Awu | 2 | 0 | |
11/08/1911 | Semeru | 3 | 0 | |
09/01/1909 | Semeru | 2 | 221 | |
09/28/1907 | Lewotobi | 2 | 1 | |
12/01/1902 | Merapi | 2 | 16 | |
05/22/1901 | Kelut | 3 | 0 | |
05/22/1895 | Semeru | 2 | 0 | |
06/07/1892 | Awu | 3 | 1532 | |
05/21/1892 | Sorikmarapi | 2 | 180 | |
06/29/1890 | Makian | 2 | 0 | |
09/06/1889 | Banua Wuhu | 2 | 0 | |
04/18/1885 | Semeru | 2 | 74 | |
08/27/1883 | Krakatau | 6 | 2000 | |
01/29/1875 | Kelut | 0 | 0 | |
11/03/1872 | Merapi | 4 | 200 | |
04/17/1872 | Merapi | 4 | 170 | |
04/15/1872 | Merapi | 4 | 30 | |
08/07/1871 | Gamalama | 2 | 1 | |
03/03/1871 | Ruang | 2 | 0 | |
08/01/1870 | Ruang | 2 | 0 | |
01/01/1870 | Iliwerung | 3 | 0 | |
08/01/1869 | Lamongan | 2 | 8 | |
07/07/1869 | Lewotobi | 2 | 2 | |
01/03/1864 | Kelut | 2 | 54 | |
12/29/1861 | Makian | 4 | 326 | |
04/01/1860 | Semeru | 2 | 0 | |
03/02/1856 | Awu | 3 | 2806 | |
05/16/1848 | Kelut | 2 | 21 | |
12/04/1847 | Dieng Volc Complex | 2 | 0 | |
05/27/1846 | Tangkubanparahu | 2 | 0 | |
02/08/1845 | Soputan | 2 | 0 | |
08/01/1843 | Lamongan | 2 | 4 | |
02/02/1840 | Gamalama | 2 | 0 | |
02/26/1838 | Gamalama | 2 | 4 | |
11/24/1833 | Kaba | 2 | 126 | |
12/25/1832 | Merapi | 3 | 32 | |
01/01/1829 | Guntur | 2 | 0 | |
10/11/1826 | Dieng Volc Complex | 2 | 0 | |
10/11/1826 | Kelut | 3 | 0 | |
12/27/1822 | Merapi | 3 | 100 | |
10/08/1822 | Galunggung | 5 | 4011 | |
01/24/1817 | Ijen | 2 | 0 | |
01/01/1817 | Raung | 4 | 0 | |
04/10/1815 | Tambora | 7 | 11000 | |
08/06/1812 | Awu | 3 | 953 | |
10/08/1800 | Guntur | 0 | 0 | |
01/01/1786 | Dieng Volc Complex | 2 | 38 | |
01/01/1775 | Lokon-Empung | 3 | 0 | |
01/01/1775 | Gamalama | 3 | 1300 | |
02/02/1773 | Gamalama | 2 | 0 | |
08/12/1772 | Papandayan | 3 | 2957 | |
05/09/1772 | Gamalama | 3 | 35 | |
01/01/1760 | Makian | 4 | 2000 | |
01/01/1730 | Raung | 3 | 0 | |
07/20/1716 | Kelut | 2 | 0 | |
12/11/1711 | Awu | 3 | 3000 | |
01/01/1698 | Cereme | 3 | 0 | |
01/01/1690 | Guntur | 3 | 0 | |
05/20/1673 | Gamkonora | 5 | 0 | |
08/04/1672 | Merapi | 3 | 3000 | |
07/19/1646 | Makian | 4 | 0 | |
01/01/1638 | Raung | 4 | 1001 | |
07/18/1608 | Gamalama | 3 | 0 | |
01/01/1597 | Raung | 3 | 0 | |
01/01/1593 | Raung | 5 | 0 | |
01/01/1587 | Merapi | 4 | 0 | |
01/01/1586 | Kelut | 5 | 10000 | |
12/31/1564 | Gamkonora | 3 | 0 | |
11/01/1550 | Dukono | 3 | 0 | |
01/01/1385 | Kelut | 3 | 0 | |
01/01/1376 | Kelut | 3 | 0 | |
01/01/1334 | Kelut | 3 | 0 | |
01/01/1311 | Kelut | 3 | 0 | |
01/01/0416 | Krakatau | 0 | 0 |
All volcanoes in Indonesia
Volcano | Elevation | Status | Last eruption |
---|---|---|---|
Agung | 3142 m | Active | |
Ambang | 1795 m | Solfatara stage | |
Ambulombo | 2124 m | Active | |
Api Siau | 1827 m | Active | |
Argopuro | 3088 m | Solfatara stage | |
Arjuna and Welirang | 3339 m | Solfatara stage | |
Awu | 1320 m | Active | 08/12/1966 |
Banda Api | 685 m | Active | |
Batu Kolok | 890 m | Solfatara stage | |
Batu Tara | 748 m | Active | |
Batur | 1717 m | Active | 09/05/1963 |
Blerang Bereti | 1959 m | Solfatara stage | |
Bromo | 2329 m | Active | |
Bual Buali | 1819 m | Solfatara stage | |
Bukit Daun | 2467 m | Solfatara stage | |
Bukit Lumut Balai | 2055 m | Solfatara stage | |
Butak Petarangan | 2222 m | Active | |
Ciremay | 3078 m | Active | |
Damar | 868 m | Active | |
Dempo | 3173 m | Active | |
Dieng | 2565 m | Active | |
Dukono | 1087 m | Active | 11/01/1550 |
Egon | 1703 m | Active | 01/29/2004 |
G.Sorikmarapi | 2145 m | Active | |
Galunggung | 2168 m | Active | 05/17/1982 |
Gamkunoro | 1635 m | Active | |
Gayolesten | 1500 m | Solfatara stage | |
Gede | 2958 m | Active | |
Geureudong | 2590 m | Solfatara stage | |
Guntur | 2249 m | Active | |
Gunungapi | 282 m | Active | |
Helatoba Tarutung | 1100 m | Solfatara stage | |
Hilaya Lolowan | 886 m | Active | |
Hulubelu | 1040 m | Solfatara stage | |
Ibu | 1340 m | Active | |
Ijen | 2769 m | Active | 05/29/2020 |
Ijen | 2769 m | Active | 05/29/2020 |
Ili Boleng | 1659 m | Active | |
Ili Labalekan | 1018 m | Solfatara stage | |
Ili Muda | 1100 m | Solfatara stage | |
Ili Werung | 1018 m | Active | |
Inerie | 2245 m | Solfatara stage | |
Inie Lika | 1559 m | Active | |
Iya | 637 m | Active | 01/28/1969 |
Kaba | 1600 m | Active | 11/24/1833 |
Karang | 1778 m | Solfatara stage | |
Kawa Ijen | 2386 m | Active | |
Kawa Kamojang | 1730 m | Solfatara stage | |
Kawa Karaha | 1155 m | Active | |
Kawa Manuk | 2608 m | Solfatara stage | |
Keli Mutu | 1640 m | Active | |
Kelud | 1731 m | Active | |
Kerinci | 3805 m | Active | |
Kiarabares Gagak | 1511 m | Active | |
Klabat | 1995 m | Solfatara stage | |
Krakatau | 813 m | Active | 12/22/2018 |
Kunyit | 2151 m | Solfatara stage | |
Lahendong | 988 m | Solfatara stage | |
Lamongan | 1651 m | Active | 08/01/1869 |
Lawu | 3265 m | Solfatara stage | |
Leroboleng | 1117 m | Active | |
Lewotobi Laki Laki | 1584 m | Active | |
Lewotobi Perampuan | 1703 m | Active | |
Lewotolo | 1319 m | Active | |
Lokon Empung | 1579 m | Active | |
Mahawu | 1331 m | Active | 07/12/1958 |
Makian | 1357 m | Active | |
Malupang Warirang | 1115 m | Active | |
Manuk | 282 m | Solfatara stage | |
Marapi | 2891 m | Active | |
Marga Bayur | 1000 m | Solfatara stage | |
Merapi | 2911 m | Active | 12/18/2017 |
Merbabu | 3145 m | Active | |
Moti | 690 m | Active | |
Ndetu Napu | 750 m | Solfatara stage | |
Nila | 781 m | Active | |
Paluweh | 875 m | Active | 08/10/2013 |
Papandayan | 2665 m | Active | 03/11/1923 |
Patuha | 2434 m | Solfatara stage | |
Pematang Bata | 1000 m | Active | |
Perbakti | 1699 m | Solfatara stage | |
Peuetsague | 2780 m | Active | |
Potjok Leok | 1675 m | Solfatara stage | |
Pui | 371 m | Active | |
Pulau Weh | 584 m | Solfatara stage | |
Pulosari | 1346 m | Solfatara stage | |
Pusuk Bukit | 1981 m | Solfatara stage | |
Radjabasa | 1281 m | Solfatara stage | |
Raund | 3332 m | Active | |
Riang Cotang | 200 m | Solfatara stage | |
Rindjani | 3726 m | Active | |
Ruang | 714 m | Active | 03/03/1871 |
Salak | 2211 m | Active | 07/07/2007 |
Sangeang Api | 1949 m | Active | |
Sarangsong | 770 m | Solfatara stage | |
Sekinciau Belirang | 1719 m | Solfatara stage | |
Semeru | 3676 m | Active | 12/04/2021 |
Sempu | 1549 m | Solfatara stage | |
Serua | 641 m | Active | |
Seulawah Agam | 1726 m | Active | |
Sibayak | 2094 m | Solfatara stage | |
Sinabung | 2460 m | Solfatara stage | 04/13/2017 |
Sirung | 862 m | Active | 06/01/1953 |
Slamet | 3432 m | Active | |
Soputan | 1784 m | Active | 02/08/1845 |
Sukariya Caldera | 1500 m | Solfatara stage | |
Sumbing | 2508 m | Active | |
Sumbing | 3371 m | Active | |
Sundoro | 3150 m | Active | |
Talagabodas | 2201 m | Solfatara stage | |
Talakmau | 2912 m | Solfatara stage | |
Talang | 2896 m | Active | |
Tambora | 2851 m | Active | 04/10/1815 |
Tampusu | 1180 m | Solfatara stage | |
Tandikat | 2438 m | Active | |
Tangkuban Parahu | 2084 m | Active | |
Telong | 2624 m | Active | |
Tempang | 900 m | Solfatara stage | |
Ternate | 1715 m | Active | |
Teun | 655 m | Active | |
Todoko | 979 m | Solfatara stage | |
Tongkoko | 1149 m | Active | |
Umsini | 2665 m | Active | |
Unauna | 508 m | Active | |
Ungaran | 2050 m | Solfatara stage | |
Wai Sano | 903 m | Solfatara stage | |
Wayang Windu | 2182 m | Solfatara stage | |
Wilis | 2563 m | Solfatara stage |
These statistics are based on datas from the Smithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Program (GVP), and the Significant Volcanic Eruptions Database of the National Geophysical Data Center (NOAA) / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS) doi:10.7289/V5JW8BSH. Several data have been summarized and translated.